Machine Learning Tutorial

k-means is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well-known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set through a certain number of clusters (assume k clusters) fixed apriori. The main idea is to define k centers, one for each cluster. These centers should be placed in a cunning way because of different location causes the different result. So, the better choice is to place them as much as possible far away from each other.

How the K-means algorithm works

To process the learning data, the K-means algorithm in data mining starts with the first group of randomly selected centroids, which are used as the beginning points for every cluster, and then performs iterative (repetitive) calculations to optimize the positions of the centroids

It halts creating and optimizing clusters when either:

• The centroids have stabilized — there is no change in their values because the clustering has been successful.

• The defined number of iterations has been achieved.

How to implement k-mean in machine Learning

First import all related libraries:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
%matplotlib inline

Load data set:

After this Generate random data

X= -2 * np.random.rand(100,2)
X1 = 1 + 2 * np.random.rand(50,2)
X[50:100, :] = X1
plt.scatter(X[ : , 0], X[ :, 1], s = 50, c = 'b')
plt.show()

After this fit it into the model:

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
Kmean = KMeans(n_clusters=2)
Kmean.fit(X)

Finding Centers for each cluster:

Kmean.cluster_centers_

Output:

array([[-1.00980872, -0.88487331], [ 1.9868449 , 1.99612843]])

Display cluster with centers:

plt.scatter(X[ : , 0], X[ : , 1], s =50, c='b')
plt.scatter(-0.94665068, -0.97138368, s=200, c='g', marker='s')
plt.scatter(2.01559419, 2.02597093, s=200, c='r', marker='s')
plt.show()

Test the Result:

Run this to test the result

Kmean.labels_

Output:

array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])

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